Protection and enforcement of Tribal Rights Scheme, 2015

NALSA (Protection and Enforcement of Tribal Rights) Scheme, 2015

BACKGROUND

            Kum 2011 census-ah Scheduled Tribe zawng zawng zat chu 10,42,81,034 niin, ram chhunga mihring tam zawngah 8.6 per cent lai ni mah se, India rama tribal awm te hi an inang lo em em a. An tawng hmanah te, mihring tam lamah te leh khawsak phungah te an in ang lo nasa em em a ni. Kum 2011 Chhiarpui-ah khan Scheduled Tribe chi hrang 705 awm anga tarlan a ni.

            North East State amite pawh hi hnam hrang hrang an nih avangin an inang lo hlawm em em a. Hnam hrang hrang leh tawng hrang hmang hnam 220 vel bawr an awm. Hengho hi group thum-a then theih an ni - Tibeto-Burman, Mon-Khmer leh Indo-European.

            Hnam thenkhat chu dimdawih an tul bik avangin Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) (a hma chuan hnam mawl tia hriat an ni thin) tia hriat an ni a. PVTG te chu a hnuaia tehkhawngte hmang hian hnam hrang 75 a then an ni: (1) khawsakna atan ram lama innghat, (2) huan leh lo nei lo, (3) mihring tam belh lo emaw tlem lam pan, (4) ziak leh chhiar thiam tlem (5) khawsakna azira chhungkaw inrelbawl. Kum 2001 census-ah khan heng PVTGs 75-zinga mihring tam lam chu 27,68,322 an ni. PVTGs zinga a tam ber chu heng State paruk Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh leh Tamil Nadu-ahte an cheng a. PVTGs-te hi tribal zingah pawh a bika ngaihtuah ngai an ni.

            Zalenna hmuh hma kha chuan tribal-te hi hmun hrana awmin intodelh takin ramhnuai chhengchhe tak leh hmun hla takah te an khawsa thin a. Hmanlai thuneitute khan tribalho kha hmun hla taka la awmtir an duhin ramchhung mipuite nena inpumkhattir kha an tum lo.

            Zalenna hmuh hnuah erawh chuan India Constitution-te chuan a bik taka anmahni enkawlna tur a siam a, parliament pawhin an dikna chanvote humhimsak turin theihtawp a chhuah a. Planning Commission of India ten an hmalak nan Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) tih thlangin, Panchayati Raj Institution hnuaiah the Provision of the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas Act 1996 (PESA) tih dan siam a ni bawk.

            Tribalte khawsak phung tih hmasawnna atan theih tawp chhuah ni mahse, Scheduled Tribe (ST)-te dinhmun hian tlemte chauhin hma a sawn a. ST-te Human Development Index (HDI) hi midang zawng aiin a hniam zawk a. Hnam dang aiin ziak leh chhiar thiam lo tamin poverty line-ah pawh ST chhungkua an tam zawk zel a. ST tan sawrkar hna-ah reservation hi dah ni ve mahse, mipui tam lam leh reservation siam sak zat percentage hi a in mil lo a ni. He ram thang zelah hian hnam dang aiin an dinhmun hi chhe bikin hmasawnna hian a thleng pha ve lo a ni.

            Hengte avang hian NALSA-in Tribal mipuite tan Scheme siamsak ngaiin a hria a. Hemi atan hian, chinchang zir chiang tur leh rawtna pe turin Committee-te din a ni. Committee hian Executive Chairman, NALSA hnenah World Tribal Day denchhenin ni 9.8.2015 khan chanchin chipchiarin report an pe a. Tuna Scheme hman lai pawh hi Committee-te Report pek zulzuia siam a ni.

            Scheme hmingah chuan “NALSA (Protection and Enforcement of Tribal Rights) Scheme, 2015” tih a ni.

THIL TUMTE

He Scheme hian India rama Tribal chengten rorelna dik an neih theihna atan hma a la ang. Rorelna dik hian heng dikna chanvo, hamthatna, dan lama tanpuina leh a dangte huam vekin, ramchhunga tribal ten Constitution of justice, social, economic leh political-te hi awmze nei taka an hman theihna atan a ni.

Tribal tana legal rights duan hrang hrangte chu a hnuai ami ang hi a ni :

●         The Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006- (FRA)

●         The Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989,

●         The Right of children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009,

●         The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013,

●         Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act 1996- (PESA) and

●         Fifth and Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India.

            Heng dante hi khauh taka kenkawh an nih loh avangin tribalte legal rights bawhchhiatna a thlen a ni. Heng bawhchhiatna te hi tribal ho enhranna thlentu lian tak a ni. He scheme hian tribal te legal rights bawhchhiat tir loh hi a tum a ni.

            PLV, Legal Services Clinics, Front Office, Panel Lawyers leh Retainer Lawyers tihte hi, National Legal Services Authority (Free and Competent Legal Services) Regulations, 2010 leh National Legal Services Authority (Legal Services Clinics) Regulation, 2011 leh the NALSA Schemes for Para Legal Volunteers (Revised) leh Module for the Orientation – Induction- Refresher Courses for PLV Training-a hrilhfiahna te nen a in ang a ni.

Part I

An overview of the issues of Tribal People

1. Vulnerability Issues
2. Tribal hovin lehkha ziak leh chhiar an thiam lo hi thil ngaihtuah ngai tak a ni. Hei vang hian an fundamental rights te, legal leh statutory rights te an hriat loh phah a. Anmahni hamthatna atan sawrkarin scheme hrang hrang a duante pawh an hre lo.

1. Thil pawi tak pakhat leh chu, sawrkarin scheme a duante a taka hma lakna engmah awm lo thin hi a ni. Amaherawhchu, tribal-ho tana programme duanah hmalak loh chhan hi tribal ho awmna hmunah thawk thiam an awm loh thin vang a ni.

1. Tribal awmna hmuna ralthuam hmanga intihbuaina hian North East laili thlengin nghawng a nei a, chu chuan an hamthatna tura scheme siamte leh leh dan leh rorelna lamah nasa takin harsatna a thlen.

1. Tun hnai khan tribal ho awmna hmunah state police leh paramilitary forces-te chu human rights bawhchhia, a dera indo leh pawngsual tea puh an ni.

1. Tribal mi tam takte chu Maoists-a puhin jail-a khung an ni a, mi tam tak phei chu an hminga charge-sheet-a awm si lovin ni tam tak jail-ah khung an ni bawk. An case hi India laka indona neih tum tihte, sawrkar laka hel tum tithe leh adangte a ni a, case rip tak an nih avangin bail pawh phalsak an ni lo.

1. Dan mumal awm loh hi tuar hle mahse dan kalphung an hriat loh avangin tribal mipui te hian court an hlauh phah a. An ngaihdanah chuan heng Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribes (Prevention and Atrocities) Act, 1989 te hi tribal mipuite venhimna atana siam ni ah an ngai lo.

1. Pem kual thinten sawrkar atanga welfare scheme hmuh kawngah harsatna an tawk thin. A thente phei chu hmu thei tur zingah an tel lo hrim hrim. 

1. PVTGs te hian ‘mawlna’ leh ‘hnufualna’ kawngah thudik hriat hmaa ngaihdan lo siam an ching thin a, sawrkar hian heng tribal-te hi mawl bik leh kawlhsen bika ngaihnate, an hnam zia leh tihdan phung ngaihnepna hi a paih bo a ngai a ni.

1. PVTGs leh Scheduled Tribes (STs) tam takte chu ramhnuaia khawsa thin an  ni a, an khawsakna atan pawh leilung leh ramhnuaia thil awmteah an inghat nasa em em a ni. An chenna hmun pawh Reserves Forest, Protected Forest tia puansakin, hmun tha lo zawka awm turin zangnadawmna pe miah lovin  luahlan leh hnawhchhuah an ni fo.

1. PVTGs list-a hnam zawng zawngte hi ST nihna dinhmun pek an ni lo va, chu chuan Fifth Schedule leh the Provisions of Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 in humhimna leh dikna chanvo a pek chang ve lo tribal te dinhmun derthawnna hi a ti zual a ni.

1. PVTG te tan FRA a hmalak a harsat chhan chu an awmna hmuna an awm theihna dikna chanvo (Habitat Rights) chungchang hi sawifiah a nih loh vang leh Forest Department ten an hriatchian loh vang a ni. PVTGs te dikna chanvo, a bik takin FRA hnuaia an habitat rights chungchanga hmalakna dinhmun national level-ah chanchin kimchang leh data pawh a awm lo a ni. 

1. North Eastern State-te hi ram thenawm Bhutan, China, Myanmar leh Bangladesh-te nena inrina laia awm a nih vangin misual, drug smuggling, arms smuggling leh a dangte lo luhna atan a ti itawm.

1. A chhan dang leh chu mihringa sumdawnna hi a ni. Central India leh Assam-a tribal chengte hian hei hi an tuar nasa a ni. 

14.     A dang lehah chuan, tun thlengin executive leh judiciary lam then hran a la ni lo hi a ni. Sixth Scheduled hnuaia institution din hoten customary law an kalpui a, chu chu dana siam a la nih loh avangin harsatna a thlen thin. 

1.  North East-ah helna leh dan lamah harsatna a awm avangin he system-ah hian rinna a awm lo. Mipuiin an kuta rorelna an duh a, ‘mipui rorelna’ tia vuahin khawtlanga harsatna thlen thin nia rinhlelh/puhte chenna in tichhiain khawtlang atangin an hnawtchhuak bawk thin. Doctor te leh damdawi ina damlo enkawl kawnga dawngdah nia puhte pawh an zuah chuang lo.

1. Thingtlang khua leh hmun kilkhawra Tribal mi tam takin dawithiam an la ring cheu.

1. Tribal hote hian ngaihsan an hlawh loh avangin an rilru an inla hrang tlat thin. Entirnan, Andaman Island-a Jawaras hnamte hi tourist hoin ramsa ang maiin an en a; zawng/ramsa ang maiin an chhaih a, an nghaisa thin a, an thinrim pawhin an nuihzat mai thin. Hetiang vantlang nun leh hnam nunphung inhriatthiampui lohna hi Baster-ah pawh a lo hluar hle tawh a ni.

1. Land Related Problems
2. Ramngaw leh tlangte hi tribal ho hriat hranna pakhat a ni. Hei vang hian ramhnuaia an awm kan phal lohva, kan um chhuah zel chuan an nun kan tichhia a ni tih kan hriat a pawimawh. Tribalte hi an ram, chenna, khawsakna, political lam, hnam zia, zahawmna leh nihnate leh an hmasawnna atana hamthatna leh dikna chanvote kan  hnawlsak chuan, anmahni pawh kan hnawl tihna a ni. 

1. Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) programme hnuaiah hian chenna ram chu thlakthleng ni lovin eizawnna siamthat a ni zawk. R&R colonies zawng zawng deuh thaw hian hriselna lam, tui thianghlim in tur, mamawh lamna hmun, school leh inkalpawhna lam an tlachham a ni.

1. An innghahna atan ramhnuai an hmanna tlangpuite chu, eitur hmuhna atan, thingtlang lo neih, huan siam, thei leh pangpar, intihhlimna, damdawi atan hnimhnah, ran chaw, in sakna tur hmanraw lak nan, thil siamna atan, thing tuah tur, thingphek leh thei te, thei hralhte avang hian ramhnuaia an awm hi a tul a. Heng zawng zawngte hi zangnadawmna pe lova luahlan thin an nih avangin ei leh in tur lamah nasa takin nghawng a neih phah a ni.

1. Ram tam zawk chu ngaw hmun a ni a, tribal ho zingah a tam zawk chu ramhnuai hmun pilril takah awmin chanvo, nihna, ram itna pawh nei lovin an khawsa a. Heng tribal, in leh lo nei lote tan hian “The Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006” hnuaiah hian an dikna chanvo  humhimna atan dan engmah siam a ni lo.

1. Tribal mipuite tana harsatna dang awm leh chu, hmasawnna atan project siam hi a ni. Chungte chu - tuikhuahna siam, Forest sanctuaries, thil laihchhuahna khur siam leh a dangte hi an ni. Heng hmasawnna atana ruahmanna siam ahte hian hnathawktu atan non-tribal ho lak thin an ni a, hei hian tribal te chu hmun danga insawn lo thei lovin a siam thin. Hei vang hian, tribal ten hmasawnna atana project siamah hlawkna an nei ve thin lo.

1. Tribal ho hnawh chhuah leh sawn chhuah an nih thin chhan ber chu leiba ngah lutuk vang a ni. Tribal ho leiba ngah lutuk vangin hnathawk tura chhawr an nih phah thin (sum tam tak punga puk tir turin an bum thin).

1. Chubakah chuan, Gram Sabha tih hausakna tur ‘Scheduled Areas-a ram inchhuhsakna laka invenna atana thuneihna leh dan lo anga Scheduled Tribe ho ram chhuhsakte pe let leh tura hmalakna kawnga dan, Provision of the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas Act 1996 (PESA)chu bawhchhiatna a ni thin. Ram laksak chungchangah chuan, chumi ram Gram Sabha te rawn a, an remtihna lak ngei ngei tur a nih laiin Gram Sabha-te hi rawn an ni ngai lo va, an remtihna leh hming ziak pawh lak a ni ngai hek lo. 

1. The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 hnuaia tribal-te zangnadawmna pek chu a beithamin, in leh lo dinsak theihna pawh a chau  hle a ni. 

1. Harsatna dang awm leh chu tribal mipuiten ram lamah mimal dikna chanvo aiin khawtlang dikna chanvo an dah len zawk avangin ram chungchanga intihbuaina thu hlaah a neitu hming ziak hmuh tur pawh a awm ngai lo. Hemi chungchanga tribal mipuiho thil phutna hi tawngkam mai a nih thin avangin mimal dikna chanvo siamsak kawngah buaithlakna tam tak a awm.

1. Legal Issues

Hemi chungchanga Tribal mipuiten dan lama harsatna an tawhte chu a hnuaia mi ang hian a ni :–

1. Protected Areas (PA) atanga tribal ho luahlan an nih hmaa an dikna chanvo pawmpui a la ni tluantling lo va. FRA hnuaiah tribal mipuite hnawhchhuah an ni thin. Hei hian an sum leh pai dinhmunah ramhnuai lama an thil tih thinah nasa takin a tlak hniamtir a ni.

1. FRA chungchanga Forest Department lam ngaihdan dik lo avangin an dikna chanvo chungchangah dan an bawhchhiat phah a. Entirnan, FRA-a section 4(2) thenkhatah chuan FRA hnuaia Protected Areas (PA) ah dikna chanvo a chuh theih lo va, Tiger Reserves-ah phei chuan FRA hi hman theih a ni lo.

1. Tribal hovin an chenna hmun atana an dikna chanvo tur an phut dawna harsatna awm thinte :

˟     Habitual rights kaihhnawih sawifiahna leh awmzia an hre chiang lo;

˟     Chenna chungchanga dikna chanvo hrilhfiahna tam lutuk, a bik takin PVTG group ni lote nena ram intawm tam lutuk;

˟     PVTGs chenna ramriin ramsa chenna hmun a thuah; leh

˟     Heng mite zingah an thil phut chungchang sawifiah thiam an awm lo.

1. FRA hnuaia thil phutte, finfiah leh dan chungchangah hmeichheho zingah awareness neih theih tura rin a ni.

1. Tribal mipuiten FRA hnuaia an thil phutte hi, chhan awm lem lovin emaw OTFD (Other Traditional Forest Dwellers) hrilhfiahna ngaihsual vang emaw GPS survey vang emaw, ram chu forest land anga ngaih loh vang emaw Forest Dan bawhchhia tih report an dawnte chauh hi finfiahnaa an ngaih vang emawte a ni.

1. Hnawl an nih thu hi anmahni hrilh leh an ni thin lo va, an dikna chanvo anga khing let thei an nih thu pawh hrilh an ni ngai lo. Hetiang avang hian tribal mipuiten an dikna chanvo an humhim theih nan awareness neihpui an mamawh em em a ni.

1. FRA Section 3 (1) (m)-na anga zangnadawmna tel lova development project atana dan lo taka hnawhchhuah emaw luahlan emaw an nih chungchanga dikna chanvo an neihah pawh hmalakna engmah a la awm lo.

1. Gram Sabha te nena inrawnkhawmna mumal tak awm loh vang leh thlai thar chungchanga neitu nihna dinhmun hriat lohna vangte a ni.

1. Other legal issues
2. Tribal mipuite lakah leh a chang chuan, non-tribal zinga ram lak tumna development project siam dodal thinte lakah thubuai thehluh thin a ni. Kum 2005 leh 2012 chhung khan hetiang thubuai 95% percent lai chu behchhan mumal awm lo leh rorelnain thiam a chantira tihtawpte an ni.

1. Habitual Offenders Act, 2000 vang hian De-Notified Tribes ho zingah inthliarhranna, tharum thawhna leh police-te nunrawng taka chetna te a khat tawka hriat tur a awm reng.

1. Andaman and Nicobar-ah chuan, ‘Jawara’ hnamho ten mipat hmeichhiatna lama tihduhdahna an tuar nasa em em a. Heng hnamho hi anmahni remtihna la hmasa lovin DNA test atan an thisen pe turin an ti thin a ni.

1. Planning Commission tana zirchianna neihna chuan, tukluih hnathawk, dinhmun siamsak lehte zinga 43.6 percentage chu Scheduled Tribe an ni tih a tarlang a. Hemi atanga a lan danin tribal chhungkaw tam takte chu sal a tantir an ni. Hei hi a chhan chu leiba vang leh ei leh in tur tlakchham vang a ni.

1. Issues related to education

India ram chhunga tribal mipuite zingah zirna lam chuan hma an sawn ve tho nachungin harsatna thenkhat awm a la awm. Zirna lam harsatnate chu -

1. Zirna in tam tak, zirtirna hmanraw awm lohna tam tak a awm. 

1. Hmanrua leh naupang inziak lut chu awm mah se, an awmna hlat vang leh retheihna vangin school kal that lamah harsatna a awm.

1. Zirtirtu awm lohna a tam.

1. Naupangten an lehkha zir dan a chhe hle a, pawl 10 pal tlang lo an tam hle bawk. 

1. Mipa leh hmeichhe thliarna a awm. Hmeichhia ten lehkha an zir ve theihna atan nasa takin he inthliarna titawp tur hian hmalak a ngai a ni.

1. Tribal zirlai naupangten admission an hmuh pawha hmuhsit an nih thin avangin an phurna a tibo thin. Hei vang hian High School pal tlang zo lo tam tak an awm phah fo. North East atanga tribal zirlaite tihmingchhetute hming pawh chiang taka hriat an ni.

1. Tribal hmeichhiate tana residential school thenkhat chu, eirukna te, bungraw enkawl that loh leh heng hmeichhiate leh naupang dangte mipat hmeichhiatna lama hman khawloh chungchangah te, chanchintharah tihlan thin a ni. 

1. Pem kual hnam an nih avangin, sawrkarin a thlawna zirna an pek thinte an dawn theih loh phah fo thin.

1. India ram chhunga tribal chengten anmahni hnam tawng theuh an nei a. Amaherawhchu, State tam takah chuan classroom-a zirtirna pekna atan tawng hman bik an nei thin, hei hi tribal naupangte, a bik takin pawl hniam lama awmten an hrethiam thin lo.

1. Zirna kawnga buaina a awm loh nan zirtirtuten tribal naupang zirtirna an pekte tawng leh hnam dan hriat chian hi a pawimawh hle. Entirnan, zirtirnaa hotu tam ber chu, district hran atanga lo kal an nih avangin Gondi leh Halbi district tawng hmante chu an hrethiam lo va, zirtirtu pawhin a hrethiam lo a ni. 

1. Tribal naupangte chuan tihdan inang put hi, zirnaa an tuina tichhe thei a nih avangin class chhung hi nuam an ti lo. 

1. Tribal ho zingah ziak leh chhiar thiam lo tam chhan chu zirna chungchangah nu leh pa te leh, khawtlang an inrawlh loh lutuk vang leh zirna in tha tam tawk loh vang a ni. Tribal mipuiten lehkha thiam hlawkna engmah an hre lo.
2. Health issues

Tribal mipuiten hriselna kawnga harsatna chi hrang hrang an hma chhawn thinte chu :-

1. National Health Model hi non-tribal area atana duan a ni. Rinna hrang hrang, natna tawrh hrang hrang leh hriselna atana an mamawh leh mi chi hrang hrang, ramhnuai leh hmun hrangin a hualte a huam lo.

1. Tribal chenna hmun atana hriselna lam hnathawk duh an awm lo. Hriselna lam enkawlna atan health sub-centre, PHC leh CHC te din ni mah se, hman tangkai an ni lo. 

1. Tribal chenna thenkhatah hnathawktute nelawm loh vang te, tawng inhriatloh vang te, inkalpawhna awm loh vang te, ziak leh chhiar thiam lo leh hriselna lam ngaihven tawk loh vang tein Health care institution awm sa pawh hman tangkai a nih loh phah.

1. Hriselna lamah hma la a, dan siam turin ST mi leh sa emaw, an aiawh emaw, an awm loh avangin, mi dang hnenah duhsakna a kal thin.

1. Tribal awmnaah zu, zuk leh hmuamin nasa takin nghawng a nei a, hemi tihrehna atan hian hma lak nasat a tul hle.

1. Tribal hnam tam tak zingah ram dan hriat lohna avangin  naupang kum tling lo pasal neihtir ching an la awm a, hei hian an hriselna kawngah a nghawng a ni.

1. Tribalte chuan, an dam loh pawhin, tunlai thiamna aiin an hnam tihdan an la kalpui zawk a. Hei hian enkawl dam theih reng pawh thihna a thlen thin.

1. Jawaras hnamte hi pawn lam atangin natna an kai awlsam bik a, zin mite avangin natna chi hrang hrang an vei thin. An hmeichhiate leh naupang te hi mipat hmeichhiatna hman khawlohsak an ni thin a, hei vang hian natna tam tak tribal hovin an tihdam theih loh an kai phah thin.

1. Sawrkarin tlang hrileng danna (immunization) programme an buatsaih thin hian tribal ho chenna a thleng pha ve lo.

1. Tribal ho hi eitur thaa chawm an ni lo. PVTGs te awmna hmun hi kal pawh theih loh a nih avangin chaw tha semna hmun Anganwadi Centre kalpawh a awlai lo hle. Chubakah, an awmkhawmna hmun hi Aganwadi Centre hawnna atan te lutuka ngaih a ni. Hemi avang hian naupangten sawrkar atanga ei tur tha sem an dawng pha ve lo thin.

1. Tribal mite hi ram vak thin an ni a, chutih lai chuan an hnenah eitur tha dang pe silovin sa kah phal lohna dan hman a ni ve a, hei vang hian chaw tha ei tur an hmuh loh phah thin.

1. Tribal awmna hmunah tui lamah harsatna an tawk lian em em.

1. Inthahna leh tharum thawhna rapthlak tak vangin rilru lama chian lohna a thlen.

1. Lehkha thiam tamna hmun, North East angahte hian thalai lehkhathiamte hna thawh tur a awm loh avangin mental depression leh mahni intihhlum duhna a hluar phah.

1. Damdawi hman sual avanga natna HIV/AIDS leh rilru lam chian lohna, Golden Triangle bul hnaia awm, North Eastern state zingah a hluar. Ketamine, Pseudoephedrine leh damdawi dangte heng hmunah hian hralh ruk thin niin damdawi hmang sual thin chhungte chungah nasa takin a nghawng a ni.

1. Livelihood
2. Tribal ho zingah tunlai thiamna leh zirna an neih loh avangin an khawsakna atan anmahni thiamna an hmang thin a, chung chu a hlawk lo a ni.

1. Mi tlem te chauh ram nei lo awm mahse, a nei chhunte ram neih pawh ei tur hmuhna khawp a ni lo.

1. Tawng leh hnam tihdan danglam avangin tunlai lo neih dan leh kalhmang an hre lo.

1. Hmun kilkhawra cheng an nih vang leh midang laka an inkiltawih avangin an thil thar chhuah man mumal pawh an hmu thei lo.

1. An awmna hmunah lirthei leh inbiakpawhna a tam tawk loh avangin leh heng thil an hman hreh avang hian an thil thar chhuahte man hmuh chhuah kawngah an hlawhchham thin.

1. An hnam chin than, kum tina lo neihna sawn hi eizawnna bulpui ber atan an la hman avangin below poverty line ah an awm phah.

1. Hmasawnna atana hnathawh nan ram laksak an ni emaw, an ram an chhuahsan emaw, ngawa thing an lak khawm phal loh emaw hian, tribal mipuihote dam khawchhuahna tur kawng a dip a, retheihna leh tamna a thlen a ni. 

Part-II

Role of Legal Services Authorities

            A chunga kan hmuhte atang khian State Legal Services Authority hian tribal mipuiten dan an hman tangkai theihna tura hnathawh tur pawimawh tak an nei a. State Legal Services Authority (SLSA) te hian tribalho leh sawrkar leh dan lekkawhtute inkara indaidanna awm hi a suih zawm tur a ni a, Rule of Law a awm a ni tih an tichiang tur a ni. Tribal ho zingah Dan lama rinna nghah leh, rule of law tangkai taka hman hi a pawimawh ber a. SLSA ten heng huam chhungah hian hnathawh dan tur an zawng ang.

SLSA ten a hnuaia mi ang hian hma an la ang- 

1. Litigation related
2. Tribal mi ngei atangin panel lawyer an din ang a, chungho chu hlawh tha tawk tak an pe ang.

1. Tribal mite hnenah inkhinna leh thubuai dangah dan lama puihna tha tak pein, tribal-te dikna chanvo leh hmakhua tur venhim a nih theih nan, pawisa chawi pawhin senior lawyer te rawihsak tur an ni.

1. Rorelna hi Hindi leh English-a kalpui thin a nih avangin  tribal mi retheihote chu, anmahni hnam ni lo lawyer leh judge-te khawngaihna hnuaiah an kun a, hengho dan hnuaia rorelna dik mamawhtute hi SLSA ten an puih a ngai a ni.

1. Tribal te court-a an kalin panel lawyer ten tihtakzetin an tanpui tur a ni a, dan leh dan hnuai a thil tih dan kalphunga an rinhlelhnate tihkian nan court kalphungte an hrilhfiah ang a, chu chuan court kalhmang hriatna lamah nasa takin a pui dawn a ni.

1. Panel lawyerte`n court pangngai leh an hnamin rorelna an kalpui dan chungchanga hriatthiam loh an neihna lai hrilhfiahin, rorelna tluang taka a kal zel theih nan an pui ang.

1. Panel lawyer ten jail tlawhin bail lova rei tak tang tawhte chungchang chinfelna atan leh charge siam sak loh  tangte bawhzuia an chhuah hma theih nan legal services clinic an hawng tur a ni.

1. Panel lawyer ten para legal volunteers-te puihnain tribal mi, ram laksakten zangnadawmna an hmuh theihna atan theih tawp an chhuahpui ang.

1. PLV-te puihnain tribalho awmna hmuna zirna leh damdawi leh hmanruate, dan lam mamawhte leh thil dangte a awm dan en thlithlai in, a dinhmun an hriatsak ang a, an dinhmun azirin hma an laksak ang.

1. Full time secretary/judicial officer te chuan an harsatna leh mamawhte hre chiang turin leh, dan leh thil dang a an mamawhte pek an nih tur thu tiam ngam turin heng hmun a mi chengte an be pawp reng tur a ni.

1.  Tribal mi tupawhin court-ah khin a tawk anih chuan, chumi chu Sate Legal Services Authority ten an zawng chhuak ang a, a laka thubuai an thehlut nil eh zawhna an zawh nasat ber ni in dan lama puihna pangngai tak an pe ang.

1. Tribal lawyer-ten an tlawh theihna tur hmuna SLSA ten legal services clinic an hawng ang.

1. SLSA ten tribal-te awm khawmna hmuna awareness thehdarhna atan chauh ni lo, criminal, civil, revenue emaw forest right emaw lama puihna pekna atan Multi Utility Vehicle te an hmang tangkai tur a ni.

1. SLSA ten sawrkar department, heng forest department ang te hi an thawhpui ang a, Lok Adalat kal tlanga zangnadawmna phut chungchangah an thawhpui tur a ni.

1. An bial chhunga High Court ah tribal mi te an kalin, Civil case a ni emaw Criminal case a ni emaw SLSA te hian an pui ang. High Court Legal Services Committee chuan an mahni tribal mi ngei, an chungchang hrethiam tak leh an biak thei ngei tur, ukil inpe zo tak an ruatsak tur a ni.

1. A tul hun apiangah Executive Chairman, SLSA remtihpuinain Social Justice Litigation huaihawt a ni ang.

1. Para legal volunteers (PLVs)
2. District Legal Services Authority tin ten statistics hmang leh Sawrkar department dangte puihnain tribal ho chenna district an zawng chhuak ang a, Para Legal Volunteers te kaltlangin an awmna hmun an thleng tur a ni.

1. Tribal mipuite rin kai ni tur te, an harsatna hre tur leh awareness programme neih laia anmahni inbiakpawh theih nan te tribal zing atanga para legal volunteers tur thlan hi a tul a. SLSA ten heng hnam zing atangin para legal volunteers rual a din ang a, DLSA-a Full Time Secretary-in a enkawl ang.

1. Chung PLV-te chuan hnathawh tur ruatsakah tha taka an thawh theih nan training tha tak pek tur a ni.

1. SLSA ten PLV-te kaltlangin tribal ziak leh chhiar thiam lote chu form fill up leh sawrkarin hamthatna scheme hrang hrang a siamte dilna thehluh kawngah an tanpui ang. 

1. Legal Services Authority ten Para Legal Volunteers te hmangin tribal te damdawi lama tanpuina an pe thei ang. Hetiang mamawh tak takte chu Para Legal Volunteers te tanpuinain leh local Legal Services Authority te puihnain an zawn chhuah theih a damdawi lama tanpuina leh medical scheme hnuai a hamthatna hrang hrangte an dawntir thei bawk a ni.

1. He scheme Part - 1 a tarlan angin tribal miipuiten school chungchang te, zirtirtu nei loh chungchang te leh tribal naupang tihbuai etc chungchanga thuneitute dawrtu atan PLV te hi hman tur a ni. 

1. Mihringa sumdawnna chungchangah a tuartu hnena zangnadawmna leh intunnun lehna tur scheme hrang hrang pek an nih theih nan a tuartu dik tak hre turin PLV te hi an tangkai thei.

1. Naupang bumna tawk (trafficked) chhanchhuah an niha Child Welfare Committees (CWCs) hmaa hruai an nihin PLV ten an pui ang a, an chhungte zawn chhuah kawngah CWC-ten an pui bawk ang.

1. Chutiang tuartute, chhechhama thudik sawi tura court-a an kalin PLV ten an kalpui ang.

1. PLV-te chu tribal te leh panel lawyer-te inkar zawmtu leilawn an ni a, tribalte thubuai chu chiang taka court-a hriatsaka ngaihthlaksak theihna turin an pahnih hian an pui ve ve ang.

1. Tribal te chu State chhunga hmun kilkhawr leh mi tlemte chauh awmna hmuna cheng pawh ni se, an tana eitur leh ration dahte chuan an hnen a thlen leh thlen loh fiahtu turin PLV-te chu sawrkar leh tribal mipuite aiawhtu an ni ang.

1. Tribal ho zingah hian ram neih finfiahna lehkha nei an awm mang lo va, hei  vang hian zangnadawmna leh mahni kea ding leh thei tura dinhmun siamsak kawngah dan lama puihna an mamawh a ni. PLV ten an lehkha neih zawng zawng la khawm tur leh fiahna engpawh nei turin an tanpui ang.

1. PLV ten jail tlawhin tangho hnenah an case chungchangte zawtin DLSA-a Full Time Secretary hnenah an chanchin reportin, bail-a an chhuah theih nan emaw, an case chungchanga hearing neihna atan hma an la ang.

1. Awareness
2. Tribal awmnaa awareness programme buatsaih chu hmun danga mi nen a danglam tur a ni. Hetiangah chuan Audio Visual Mode hi a tangkai viau thei. Awareness neihnaah tribal an tel ve a ni tihchianna atan, lam, lemchan leh a dangte telh ni se. Tribal hnam hrang hrangte zai leh lam pawh telh nise. Tribal ho awmna hmuna awareness programme buatsaihah hian an harsatna leh a sut kian dan tur sawiho turin dan hre mi rawih ni se.

1. Tribal zingah forest law leh dan hrang hrang bawhchhiatin a nghawngte chungchangah legal awareness thehdarh a ngai a ni.

1. SLSA ten tribal zingah zirna atanga hamthatna awm thei te, an dikna chanvo leh sawrkar scheme hrang hrang hnuai a an dikna leh chanvo te an eizawnna hmasawn nana tunlai khawl hman thiamna an tangkaipui tur zia chungchangah, legal awareness programme an buatsaih ang.

1. Tribal hnenah an fate zirna pek a, sawrkarah leh mimalah hna an hmuh theihna atana hauhsak an nih thu hrilh hriat tur a ni.

1. Tribal-te awmna hmunah naupangten school nuam an tih theihna turin school legal literacy club din ni se, chutih rualin zirlai naupang dang leh zirtitute pawh fuih pah ni bawk se.

1. SLSA ten sawrkar leh NGO-te puihnain audio visual mode hmangin leh tun lai lo neih dan hlawk takte entirin training buatsaih ni se.

1. Tribal awmna hmunah tui thianghlim in chungchang te, ei tur tha leh nu, naupai leh tlang hrileng danna programme chungchangah hetiang lama thawk thin NGO te nen medical awareness programme buatsaih nise.

1. SLSA ten thingtlangah radio kaltlangin tawng avanga inmihranna tireh turin hma an la tur a ni bawk.