INDIA DAN HNUAIA HMEICHHIATE HAMTHATNA
By L.H.Lianhrima, B.A.LL.M., Advocate.
Hmeichhiate hi tunhma kha chuan rilru leh pianphungah pawh chaklo zawk leh awm nem zawk anga ngaih annih avangin kan India ram dan duangtute pawhin an mahni humhalhna tur bik dan (provision) anlo ruahman saksa vek niin alang. Kan India Danpui (Constitution) atanga dan te sep zawng zawng deuh thawahte hian mipate chan phakloh leh beiseive theih hauh loh leh thik theih miahloh inhumhalh tlatna dan annei teuh mai a. Mipate tan phei chuan an thikawm ang reng viau zawk ani. A zawng a za sawi hmanlo mahila a tlangpui tal I han hrut thuak thuak dawn teh ang : --
INDIAN PENAL CODE (IPC) – AH
1. ADULTERY(Uirena sual) : Section 497, IPC ah chuan mi nu, pawmlai nei (married woman) ani tih hrereng chunga lo uiretupa hremna dan a awm a, kum 5 thleng tan tir theihna leh chawitira hrem theih anni. Amaherawh chu sualna thuhmun renga lang, uirenu(hmeichhe uire) hremna dan erawh chu a awmve miahlo. He lai dan (section 497 IPC) hi India rama court sangber, Supreme Court pawhin, “Mipa chauh uire thei leh thiltisual anga hrem anni bik hi a dik chiah em,” tih chu alo khel ngial tawh a, (See Yusuf Abdul Aziz Vrs State of Bombay AIR 1954 SC 321; Revathi Vrs Union of India AIR 1988 SC 835) uirena suala tluve tho hmeichhiate hrem annih veloh chungchangah hmeichhiate dinhmun harsatna hrethiam takin he dan dinglai hian fellohna engmah a neilove tiin thutlukna alo siam tawh a ni.
2. ASSAULT OR CRIMINAL FORCE TO WOMAN WITH INTENT TO OUTRAGE HER MODESTY : Section 354, IPC ah pawh hian mi tupawhin hmeichhiate hmeichhiatna tibawrhbang tura tharum emaw an thawh chuan kum 2 thleng tantir emaw chawitir emaw tantir leh chawitir kawpa hrem theih anni. He humhalhna dan hi mipaten anneive leh pek lova. India Danpuia intluktlanna dan Article 14 & 15 a kalh mai lo maw ti a zawhna chu court chuan India Danpui a kalh love tiin thutlukna alo siam diam tawh bawk ani.(Ref : Girdhar Gopal Vrs State AIR 1953 M.B.147 at page 148)
3. RAPE : Section 375, IPC kan en chuan heng a hnuaia kan sawite anga mipain hmeichhia a pawl chuan RAPE (Pawngsual) ani tih kan hmu ani : -(a) Hmeichhe duh lohvin (b) Hmeichhe remtihna lovin (c) Amah emaw midang a ngaih pawimawhte emaw tawrh emaw thih emaw hlauhawma dah a, remtih luih tirin (d) A pasal, dan ang thlapa a neih nia a ngaih vanga remtihna tel pawhin (e) Rilru lam buaina emaw, ruih vang emaw, thil thianghlimlo eitir emaw avanga, alo remtih tak mai awmzia leh a hnu lam thil engmah a hriatchian loh chuan (f) A remtihna pawhnise kum 16 hnuai lam mi a nih phawt chuan pawngsual ani tho tho.
Pawngsual kan tih chungchangah hian Mizo Customary Laws leh Indian Penal Code hi thil pakhatah a inkalh ve tlat mai a. Mizo hnam danah chuan pawngsual tling tur chuan mipain hmeichhia kha a ‘tlawm loh’ angaih lain IPC ah chuan a ‘tlawm ngei’ a ngai thung a. IPC ah chuan
‘penetration’ a awm ngei loh chuan RAPE a tling lova, Section 354 IPC a hrem tur lek alo ni ta zawk a, a hremna pawh a nep ta hle ani. Section 376 IPC anga hmeichhe pawngsualtu chu kum 7 aia tlemlo tan tir tur ani a, kum 10 emaw damchhung emaw thleng tantir theih anni. Tin, kum 7 aia tlem tantir anih dawn chuan a chhan tha tawk Court in a ziahlan angai ani.
Tin, heng a hnuaia kan tarlante angah hian a chhan tha bik tak ziah tur a awm anih loh chuan hrehawm taka tantir ‘Rigorous Imprisonment’ (RI) kum 10 aia tlemlo, damchhung thleng pawhin tan tir a, chawitir bawk tur ani : - [1.](a) Police Officer-in Police Station a thawhna chhunga hmeichhia a pawngsualin, (b) Police Station House chhunga a pawngsualin, (c) Amah emaw, a hnuaia mite emaw custody a awm a pawngsualin.[2.]Sorkar hnathawkin a official position remchanga la a amah emaw custody a hmeichhia a pawngsualin.[3.] Jail, Remand Home hmeichhia emaw naupang zirna hmun a thawkten an dinhmun remchanga la a, an hote an pawngsualin. [4.] Damdawiin hnathawkin anihna remchanga hmanga Hospitala awm a pawngsualin. [5.] Rai lai a pawngsualin. [6.] Kum 12 hnuai lam a pawngsualin. [7.] Huho pawngsual (gang rape).
Rape (Pawngsual) chungchangah hian pawngsual tawktu (victim) hmeichhiaten an hriat reng tur chu a tirtea report nghal hi a pawimawh em em ani tih hriat a tul a. Criminal Case ah chuan FIR (First Information Report) hi a pawimawh tak zet ani. Dan tukverh atang chuan hetianga report tlai lutuk hi a hnu a ngaihtuah thar leh phuah belh a awm duh thin a, a rinawm tawk tawh thin lo ani. Chubakah a tirteah lo kha chuan evidence pawimawh tam tak lak theih tawh loh leh hmuh theih tawh loh a awm thin avangin thil dik ngei pawh a finfiah (prove) theih tawh thinlo ani. Criminal case ah chuan a rina rinhlelh rualloh “beyond any shadow of doubt” a prove a ngai thin si a.
4. BIGAMY(Nupui pakhat aia tam neih) : Section 494 IPC kan en chuan mi tupawh nupui pawmlai nei reng chungsi a nupui/pasal dang nei leh chu dan angin kum 7 tantir theih ani a, chawitir theih ani bawk ang. Amaherawh chu he dan hian court in a nupui pasal neihna ‘valid’ lova a puante chu a huam lovang. Tin, a kawppui chin hriatlova kum 7 bo tawh nupui/pasal nei leh te pawh he dan hian a huamlo. Kan hriat theuh angin Muslim hote hian dan ang thlapin nupui 4 annei rual thei a, he dan hian a huamlo ani tih hre bawk ila atha awme.
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE (Cr.P.C.) – LAMAH
1. POLICE OFFICER’S POWER TO REQUIRE ATTENDANCE OF WITNESSES : Section 160(1), Cr.P.C. kan en chuan eng police officer pawhin a sulhnu chhui laia atana tul ati anih chuan ziakin tupawh thu zawhfiah turin a koh theih thu kan hmu a. Amaherawh chu naupang kum 15 chin hnuai lam leh HMEICHHIATE chu a kove tur ani lova, an chenna In lamah a tul anih chuan thu a zawt mai zawk tur ani.
2. BAIL : Section 437, Cr.P.C. ah chuan bail theih loh case (Non – bailable offence) ah pawh naupang kum 16 chin hnuai lam leh hmeichhia leh damlo te chu BAIL a chhuah theih anni tih kan hmu a. Chuvangin court pawhin hmeichhia annihna zawk deuh thin.
3. ARREST : Section 46(4), Cr.P.C. angin tlai ni tlak hnu leh zing ni chhuah hma in hmeichhia tumah man theih annilo. Man loh theih loh annih erawh chuan Judicial Magistrate, First Class remtihna leh hriatpuina nen chauh ‘police officer’ in a man thei ang. MAINTENANCE (Fa chawmna) : Section 125, Cr.P.C. Mizote hi
hmeichhiat mipat chungchanga hnam inthlahdah tak mai kanni thin a. Tlangval nula ngai thei deuhte chu ngaihnep a hnehin kan dahsang zaw mah emaw tih mai tur ani thin a. Tlangval sawn ngah deuh pawn endawng a hlawh tehchiam chuanglo niin alang. Tunlai khawvel AIDS/HIV ngampatna ramah ngat phei hi chuan tlangval nula ngai thei deuh leh kawp lawr deuhte chuan a ruka mi thinhrik an hlawh tawh zawk hial ani. Chumai piah lamah sawn thlak mai mai thatlohzia alo lang chhova….Section 125 Cr.P.C. hnuaiah hian fa/nupui chawmna a dil theih tih kan hre lar ta hle a, fa ngah deuh leh enkawl tha leh silote chu an lu a hai khawp mai. A tawi thei ang berin Section 125, Cr.P.C. hi sawi dawn ta ila, “Mi tupawh nupui fanau(sawn tiamin), nu leh pa, mahni in enkawl theilote neia enkawlna tur nei rengsi enkawl duhlo emaw ngaihthahte chawm luihtirna dan,” ani tawp mai. Tunhma deuh khan mi pakhatah Rs 500/- zel bi tuk a awm thin a, Amendment Act, 2001 (24-9-2001) dan angin bithliah a awm ta lova, court in awm a tih zat zat a pe thei tihna ani. Chu mai ni lovin thubuai felhma hauhin ‘Interim maintenance’ pawh court in a pe thei bawk. Section 125, Cr.P.C. hnuaia enkawlna(maintenance) dil theite chu : - (1) A nupui mahni inenkawl theilote; (2) A fa tak emaw sawn pawh nupui pasal nei tawh pawh kumtlinglo mahnia in enkawl theilo anih chuan; (3) A fa tak emaw sawn emaw puitling tawh pawhnise pianphunga rualbanlo emaw rilru kimlo anih chuan a dil thei bawk. Hmeichhe pasal nei tawh erawh a huamlo thung. (4) A nu leh pa, tar chak tawhlo, mahni a inenkawl theilote anni.
He Section 125, Cr.P.C. hnuaia dil theilote chu : - (1) Nupui mahnisela uirena suala tlu mekte leh an nupa remtih tlanna anga awm hrangte; (2) A chhan tha tawk(sufficient reason) awmsilova pasalte bula awm duhlo tlatten an dil theilo. Hetah hian Pasalin nupui dang a neih emaw ‘hmei’ a neih emaw chuan hmeichhe tan pasalte bula awm duhlohna atan chhan tha tawka ngaih ani ang.
PREVENTION OF WOMEN FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT, 2005
INTRODUCTION : He Prevention of Women From Domestic Violence Act, 2005 hi kum 2005 daih tawh a siam nimahsela, keini State ah chuan kan hmelhriat tan ve dawn chauh ani a, kan tan chuan dan thar ala ni a, kan la chengkawl tui nu dap rih deuh dawn ani. He dan hnuaiah hian mi pawimawh tak tak pathum kannei a, chungte chu : - (1) Magistrate (2) Protection Officer (3) Service Provider. A tawi mawl thei ang berin sawifiah lo tum ta ila :
(1) Magistrate Section 2(i) Hei hi Judicial Magistrate of the First Class tihna ani. He dan hnuaia complaint siamtu emaw thiltisualtu chenna emaw he dan bawhchhiat anihna hmun (area) a thuneihna (jurisdiction) neitu ani. He Magistrate hian a tul dan a zirin heng order hi a pe thei : - (a) Protection Orders (2) Maintenance Orders (3) Custody Orders leh (4) Compensation Orders.
(2) Protection Officer (Section 2(u) : State Govt in tul atih zat zat district khat enkawl turin Protection Officer hi a ruat thei ani. He dan hnuaiah hian Protection Officer hi a pawimawhin mawhphurhna pawh a nei sang hle ani. Amah hi he dan ti puitling tura Magistrate puitu ber ani a, domestic incident report buatsaihtu leh Magistrate hnena thehluttu pawh ani. Form siam sa hmangin dan duan sa angin protection order te pawh a dilsak thei ang. Tin, sorkar sum sena danhremi rawih sak a tul pawhin hma alak pui bawk ang. A area chhunga service providers zawng zawng List a buatsaih anga, counseling, shelter homes leh medical facilities zawng zawng a nei vek sa tur ani. A tul angin hmeichhe taksa a hliam a awm chuan doctor a endik tir bawk ang. Section 20 na in a sawi angin, zangna dawmna te chu court order ang chiaha pek anih leh nih loh pawh a chian tur ani. Protection Officer hi Magistrate thuneihna leh enkawlna hnuaiah a awm anga, Magistrate leh sorkar in tih tur an tih apiang ati thin ang.
(3) Service Providers (Section 10) : Service Providers te chu Societies Registration Act, 1860 hnuaia Voluntary Association anga in registered te, Company Act, 1956 hnuaia in registered te leh State Government hnuaia Service Provider anga he dan atana in registered te hi anni. An hnathawh ber chu Form siam sa hmanga he dan hmanga tanpui ngaite domestic incident report siam sak a, Magistrate leh Protection Officer hnena thehluh sak te; a tul anga doctor endik tura hruaite, chung report te chu Protection Officer leh Police Station hnena thehluh sak te; Shelter home-a dah luh te leh a tul dan anga Shelter home-a dah thu Police Station a thlen te ani.
Domestic violence(Section 3) : In chhungkhura hleilenna hrang hrang section 3 a tarlan, heng lungawilohna neitu (aggrieved person) hriselna, nunna, hliam hlauhawm a thlenin emaw thlen tum ni a alanin, taksaa tihduhdahna te, mipat hmeichhiatna thila dik lo taka in hman luihtirnate, tawngkam chhiaa invauna te, rilru tina thei leh sum leh pai hman khawlohna te Dowry kar chhuah nana tih duh dah, nghaisak te a huam vek mai.
THUROCHHIAH ZIAK DAN : Mi tupawhin Thurochhiah siam a duh chuan, engtiklai pawhin hriatpuitu mi rintlak tak pahnih hma ah a siam thei ang. A pawimawh ber chu heng hriatpuitute pahnih hian Thurochhiah siamtu hming ziak (sign) lai tak hi an hmuh ngei angai a, an hming ziak (sign) lai pawh an in hmuhpui tawn angai tihna anih chu. Tin, Thurochhiah siamtu hian a damchhung chuan a duh hun hunah he a Thurochhiah hi a tidanglamin a thar pawh a siam tha thei reng ani. Tichuan, Thurochhiah pakhat aia tam alo awm chuan a hnuhnungber kha a lal ber tur chu ani mai dawn ani. Registration emaw Magistrate hriatpui kher angailo.
